Quadrupole Mass Analyzers

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Quadrupole Mass Analyzers

In quadrupole mass analyzing devices, electric fields are used to separate ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) as they pass along the central axis of four parallel equidistant rods (or poles) that have fixed (DC) and alternating (RF) voltages applied to them.

Topics include:

Quadrupole rods
Quadrupole voltages
Quadrupole electrostatic fields
Quadrupole ion trajectories
Equations of motion
Mass gain and offset
Resolution and sensitivity
Data acquisition modes
Scan vs. selected ion modes
RF only ion bridges
Mass accuracy
Quadrupole performance limitations
Scanning speeds
Tandem quadrupole mass analyzers
Detection system

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