Vacuum Systems

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Vacuum Systems

Mass analyzers require high levels of vacuum in order to operate in a predictable and efficient way. The vacuum system of most modern LC-MS systems consist of a differentially pumped system, usually with a foreline pump establishing a rough vacuum and a high vacuum pump situated on the analyzer body to establish the high levels of vacuum required for effective mass to charge ration measurement. This module will discuss the different types of vacuum pumps available and explain the importance of vacuum in LC-MS.

Topics include:

Vacuum systems
Mean free path
Rotary pumps
Foreline pumps
Turbomolecular pumps
Diffusion pumps
Vacuum and flow rate incompatibility
Establishing vacuum and transmission
The sampling orifice plate
Nozzle-skimmer region - analyte enrichment
Second pumping stage
Molecular beam theory
Practical implications of the skimmer position
Vacuum system troubleshooting and maintenance
Vacuum leaks
Foreline pumps - gas ballasting
Foreline pumps - exhaust filters
Foreline pumps - rotary pump oil
High vacuum pumps

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